Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization Free Essays

Cross-Cultural Perspective: The Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization Many American companies that are outsourcing jobs to other countries create a problem in the economy of the Unites States and also creates a cultural effect in a global scale. To this day, The United States had lost millions of manufacturing jobs compared to two decades ago (Heffner, 2012). Americans can no longer compete to international manufacturers, which put the United States economy in doom. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many factors involved as to why American companies’ decides to do its manufacturing business outside of the United States. The most obvious reason is the cost of labor. International wages from third world countries cost way less than wages in the United States. For example, manufacturers in China get paid 33 cents an hour (Heffner, 2012). As a company, the cost of doing business outside of the Unites States is way cheaper than hiring workers in the United States, which would cost more than 20 folds. In addition to wages, outsourcing jobs outside of the United States would also save companies cost for payroll taxes, benefits, and dealing with unions that are common in The United States. Moreover, doing business outside the United States increases a company’s capital because the cost of labor wages and manufacturing are less, yet the sales remain the same. The cost of real estate and plant cost is less than in the United States. Companies don’t have to worry about maintenance, property taxes, insurance, and cost for operations (Samuels, 2013). Although there are standards created by the International Labor Organizations when it comes to doing business in other countries, there are still fewer regulations set forth in other countries compared to regulations that are mandatory in doing business in the United States (Samuels, 2013). Companies will need to follow set rules and regulations in the United States, which means more paperwork, more taxes, worrying about workers rights, providing benefits to workers, paid time offs, vacations, etc. More regulations means more cost and companies will definitely outsource jobs outside of the United States if it means saving them millions of dollars in cost. Another effects of outsourcing jobs outside of the United States are the cultural changes that are accompanied by doing business in other countries. It is no doubt that economy of third world countries are growing due to international trade that most foreign company brings in. But global business can change the way people live in a country. The ways of living are affected and so as the native language of the country. For example, The Philippines is considered one of the poorest countries in the world (The Poorest Countries in the World, 2013) and just a decade ago there were very few foreign countries that do businesses in the Philippines. Now, there are so many American companies like, IBM, Cisco, TeleTech, and Sprint that outsourced jobs to the Philippines. Again, it is good for the growing economy of the Philippines, but at the same time it creates a culture shock in the country. It is now mandatory to take English courses in the Philippines, and most people are now speaking English language. Long-term effect could be a decline in the native cultures in the Philippines. One example of ethical problems that arises in global business can be seen in the case of the company Nike. More than a decade ago Nike was involved in a scandal that the company allegedly hired children in its workforce in Pakistan, but later it was concluded that it was indeed the truth. Children made the soccer balls that were manufactured in Pakistan by Nike Corporation. It was known that the children were paid 66 cents to spend all day stitching the soccer balls. Although there were laws in Pakistan about child labor, it was not fully enforced in the country (Azam, 1999). The problem was that records of birth were nearly impossible to obtain in countries like Pakistan. Therefore, there are now records keeping of how old the workers were. The country is not like the United States was every born child is listed in a database. Nike Corporation admitted the allegations and apologized for employing workers that in the United States would be considered under aged workers (Boggan, 2001) . The company pledged not to hire under aged workers, â€Å"Nike said it would raise the minimum age for hiring workers at shoe factories to 18 and the minimum age for hiring workers at other plants to 16, in countries where it is common for 14-year-olds to hold such jobs. It will not require the dismissal of underage workers already in place† (Cushman, 1998). The company also â€Å"pledging to allow outsiders from labor and human rights groups to join the independent auditors who inspect the factories in Asia, nterviewing workers and assessing working conditions† (Cushman, 1998). Companies like Nike needs to consider the ethical responsibilities that is part of doing business in other countries. Not just because the country, like Pakistan, has laws that were not enforced properly in the country, it does not give any company the right to stray from the ethical responsibilities of companies to their employees. They should treat workers of other countries the same way that they would do if they were to employ workers in the United States. When companies do business with other countries they must be aware of the cultural and ethical perspective that can arise in doing such businesses. There are many factors that influence the companies’ decision on outsourcing jobs, but the social responsibility of a company must be equal across the board. It doesn’t mean that wages, benefits, or other factors will be the same for worker in the United States and in other countries, but the level of commitment to workers, respect, and treatment must be adherence to the ethical responsibilities of companies to their worker. References Azam, F. (1999, June). NIKE: Nike Shoes and Child Labor in Pakistan. Retrieved from http://www1. american. edu/ted/nike. htm Boggan, S. (2001, October 20). ‘We Blew It’ Nike Admits to Mistakes Over Child Labor. Retrieved from http://www. commondreams. org/headlines01/1020-01. htm Cushman, J. (1998, May 13). INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS; Nike Pledges to End Child Labor And Apply U. S. Ru les Abroad. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. om/1998/05/13/business/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad. html Heffner, T. (2012, May 15). American Manufacturing Can No Longer Compete. Retrieved from httphttp://economyincrisis. org/content/american-manufacturing-can-no-longer-compete Samuels, D. (2013). Pros Cons of Outsourcing Manufacturing Jobs. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/pros-amp-cons-outsourcing-manufacturing-jobs-40320. html The Poorest Countries in the World. (2013). Retrieved from How to cite Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization, Papers

Collecting Qualitative For Applied Research -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Are The Main Reasons For The Increasing Rate Of Suicide Cases In Australia? Answer: Introducation Purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive investigation mainly on the reasons for the increasing rates of suicide cases in Australia despite it being ranked as one of the happiest and developed economies in the world. It will also outline the main communities affected by suicidal cases and the main effects of these increasing cases to both the affected communities and also the country at large. An outline of the various recommendations of how the government can act on this problem by providing probable solution on the problem. Study aims To identify the main reasons why there are so many cases of suicide in Australia. To identify the main communities with high cases of suicide in Australia. To identify the effects of this increasing suicide cases to both the community and the country at large. To identify and recommend some of the ways the country can apply to solve suicide issue. Key journal article 1. PROBLEM GAMBLING AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES: THE CASE OF AUSTRALIA 2. ISSUES AND IMPACTS OF INTERNET GAMBLING: THE CASE OF AUSTRALIA. 3. Suicide and Ambient Temperature in East Asian Countries: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis. 4. Researcher perceptions of lawful, concealed carry of handguns: do economists and criminologists differ in their views of firearms' effects on crime and suicide? 5. COMMEMORATIVE EVENTS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: COMMEMORATING DEATH AND DISASTER IN AUSTRALIA. 6. A Comparison of the Status, Legal, Economic, and Psychological Characteristics of Types of Adult Male Gamblers 7. Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing for Pathological Gambling: A Case Series. 8. A Case Study of Gambling Involvement and Its Consequences. 9. Supporting minority women and girls: key frames of reference and understanding for educators. 10. It wasn't a very encouraging environment: influence of early family experiences on problem and at-risk gamblers in Victoria, Australia. 11. Suicide attacks and religious cleavages 12. Mental Disorders and Communication of Intent to Die in Indigenous Suicide Cases, Queensland, Australia. 13. Researcher perceptions of lawful, concealed carry of handguns: do economists and criminologists differ in their views of firearms' effects on crime and suicide? 14. The Need for Reality Testing in Relocation Cases. 15. Meaning Reconstruction Process After Suicide: Life-Story of a Japanese Woman Who Lost Her Son to Suicide. Sources of data Qualitative data collection method, specifically document review method will be used to access data relating to our study aims. This is very important as the method provides information relevant to understanding the processes leading to the detected results. In this case, the documents used will be the recently published journal articles on suicide in Australia. Type of data analysis and steps followed Method of data analysis will be Text analysis. Text analysis followings a series of steps as indicated below; Acquire the source of data in this case a journal article Read and understand the primary message of data given Evaluate the main message by the writer about the topic and whether its an individual or group idea Group the data as either actual or hypothetical Timetable for research Activities Month Research Activities October November December References Clarke, R. V. G., Lester, D. (2013). Suicide: Closing the exits. Foley, K. M., Hendin, H. (2002). The case against assisted suicide: For the right to end-of-life care. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Guest, G., Namey, E. E., Mitchell, M. L. (2013). Collecting qualitative data: A field manual for applied research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Lapan, S. D., Quartaroli, M. T., Riemer, F. J. (2012). Qualitative research: An introduction to methods and designs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Wikang Filipino free essay sample

In the Philippines poverty and pervasive malnutrition are not limited to families of deprived seasonal workers. Undernourishment is endemic and increasing throughout most of this archipelago of some 7100 islands, and is compounded by the prevalence of intestinal parasites and gastrointestinal diseases which health workers estimate deprive youngsters of at least 5-10% of the nutritional value in food they do consume. This problem is particularly prevalent in rural villages and city slums where many people eat with their fingers. According to the Philippine Ministry of Health, nearly 1/2 of all reported deaths are among infants and children through age 4, and about 1/2 of the accelerated death rate among those age 5 and younger is related to malnutrition, compounded by diarrhea, measles, and malaria which is returning to areas where it once was almost eradicated. 3 factors critically affect a newborns survival prospects: the family size he or she is born into; the time or spacing between the mothers pregnancies; and the childs birth order. We will write a custom essay sample on Wikang Filipino or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Evidence indicates that, during the 1970s, as US aid and other family planning assistance became available, they were used most among families in the 2 highest income classes, where reduction of family size is under way. Poverty is the most fundamental cause of malnutrition, although many other factors contribute. Land reform has brought security of tenure and increasingly is transferring ownership of fields to former tenants of rice and corn lands. For the former tenants enhanced security brings greater income and better eating for the farm families retain more of the crop. The undernourished and truly poor of the Philippines number about 1/2 of the population. Although dispersed throughout most of the archipelago, there are important regional differences. These related to marked geographic patterns that affect fertility of the soil, length of the dry season, fortunes of predominant crops, vulnerability to destructive typhoons, chronic warfare and other endemic lawlessness, major debilitating diseases, and especially population pressure. Malnutrition is not a hidden problem. The government, almost since the proclamation of 1972 martial law, has campaigned against malnutrition. During the 1970s, the government developed a major program of expanded production with the result that rice production expanded substantially. Even this achievement leaves the average Filipino short by 300 calories of food intake per day. It is not jiggering with food aid or government price incentives that will assure that future Filipinos will have enough to eat. Only a productive revolution of rural life that also educates mothers to know what makes for sound family nutrition will be adequate. MANILA, PHILIPPINES (22 August 2005) A lack of basic vitamins and micronutrients in the diet is damaging the health of one third of the worlds population and hampering economic development, according to a recent joint report from the United Nations Childrens Fund and the Micronutrient Initiative (MI). Simple iron deficiency in Indonesia reduces gross domestic product by some 0. 5% each year ($485 million) through lost productivity, as estimated in 2003s Global Assessment Report on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies. Yet food fortification offers a low-cost method for facing the problem, and ought to be the first public-policy choice for delivering nutrition improvement programs and lowering clinical malnutrition. With food fortification strategies supported and maintained through market-based systems, governments can focus the delivery of food supplements, nutrition services, and dietary education to disadvantaged populations with limited access to fortified food. A Simple and Cheap Technology Fortifying flour, salt, and oil, for example, offers an effective and inexpensive way to get essential vitamins and minerals into food for low-income and at-risk populations. The technology is simple, the product quality is unaffected, and the incremental price is low. Salt can be iodized, for example, for as little as five cents per person, per year. Using food fortification to reduce micronutrient deficiencies helps strengthen economies by lowering health care costs and increasing worker productivity. It also improves childrens cognitive development, further elping expand and sustain economic development. Access to fortified food, however, is often limited because of low purchasing power and underdeveloped distribution channels. Control of micronutrient deficiencies through food fortification, nonetheless, is gaining international attention. For example, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) funded primarily by the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, bilateral donors, and the MI provides resources to alliances of governments, industry, and civil society to implement large-scale food fortification programs that reach low-income populations. The Copenhagen Consensus, which addresses some of the biggest challenges facing the world, and assesses development opportunities and their costs, rated food fortification with micronutrients as the most successful intervention to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. Lack of iron not only has an influence on fetal and childhood development, but also has a direct negative effect on the productivity of adults. Iodine deficiency in childhood reduces brain development, and vitamin A deficiency can permanently damage eyesight or even cause blindness. Fortification: A National Challenge To be successful, national fortification programs must be sustainable and market driven, and governments must back them up with adequate regulations, standards, and public education. International experience shows that government policy, standards, and regulations are critical to establishing an environment that enables the private food sector to invest, produce, and distribute quality, fortified products. Government is key to creating producer awareness, building consumer demand, and shaping the marketplace with clear regulations and transparent regulatory enforcement procedures. Food control and monitoring systems for fortified flour, salt, and other foods require technical and managerial capacity as well as coordination among government agencies charged with regulating domestic and imported food. There is also a need to strengthen food control and monitoring systems for fortified food at the market and household levels. New Approaches in Indonesia Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders, and iron deficiency anemia are common problems in Indonesia. These micronutrient deficiencies contribute to disease, mortality, growth retardation, brain damage, and reduced cognitive and working capacity among children and adults. That puts a severe strain on education and health systems, lowers productivity, and raises levels of sustained poverty. In urban slum areas, the prevalence of underweight children is especially high, and anemia rates among young children remain alarmingly high. More than half the children under 5 years of age are vitamin A deficient. A recent study showed that consumption of palm oil by poor families was sufficient to deliver 30% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin A, suggesting that vitamin A fortification of palm oil presents a promising opportunity to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. While iron supplementation is widely implemented to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia in adults, realistic alternatives for young children remain very limited. Therefore, in-home fortification with multimicronutrient fortificants, which are also called sprinkles, is a new option to address iron deficiency anemia in young children. It consists of microencapsulated iron and other essential micronutrients to treat and prevent iron and other deficiencies in infants and young children. The encapsulation is a thin lipid (vegetable fat) coating that prevents the iron from dissolving into the weaning food, thus, preventing any change in color, flavor, and taste of food. Multimicronutrient fortificants can be added to complementary food to reduce vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children 6-59 months of age. Sprinkles have proved effective in Benin, Peoples Republic of China, Ghana, India, and Mongolia. Although the product is not yet commercially available, sprinkles may promise an alternative for Indonesian children who suffer micronutrient deficiencies. To combat malnutrition in Asia and the Pacific region, ADB has provided technical assistance on nutrition and food fortification to 16 developing member countries since 1996. In addition, two grant projects launched since 2001 and funded through the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) aim to promote sustainable food fortification programs in the Central Asian republics and Mongolia. To address the alarming rates of micronutrient deficiencies in Southeast Asia, ADB has launched its first food fortification project for Indonesia, with $1. 75 million financed through the JFPR. The grant project pilots palm oil fortification with vitamin A and assesses the technical feasibility to locally produce multimicronutrient fortificants. It is estimated that about 70% of the population, particularly the poor, could be reached if palm oil is fortified with vitamin A. The oil fortification technology is uncomplicated and widespread. The project also aims to establish public-private partnerships for marketing and distributing sprinkles. About ADBThe Philippines is already experiencing over-population. Our country is one of the most over-populated country. It is the 12th most over-populated country in the whole world. Many of the people here in the Philippines, especially teenagers, are engaged in prostitution and pre-marital sex, which is two of the most common causes of over-population. Over-population is existing and increasing because also of poverty. Many of the female teenagers nowadays tend to sell themselves just for money, so that they will be able to have something for their expenses, and in some cases, for their school fees and/or their families. In fact, because of these things Philippines is also starting to suffer from some diseases, such as, AIDS, STD, HIV, and also malnutrition only common to some parts or provinces of the Philippines.

Issues in Experimentation essays

Issues in Experimentation essays In replicating Sir Ronald Fishers famous experiment with tea tasting, it is essential for the subjects in the experiment to be blindfolded or, alternatively, presented with the cups of tea after they have been poured (Binomial coefficients..., 2006). However, given that when cold milk is poured into hot tea, the milk does not curdle (and when hot tea is poured into milk, the reverse occurs), the subjects would need to be blindfolded so that they could not see the curds and therefore guess correctly the order in which the tea and milk were combined. In Fishers experiment, the tea-tasting lady was given 8 cups of tea with milk, four of each version and was told that she would be tasting four of each variety (Preece, 1990). The experiment could be varied with respect to the number of each version of the beverage presented to subjects and with respect to random presentation of the samples; ideally, however, each version should be presented as frequently (if randomly) as the other. In any approach, it is likely that the subjects will identify the method used to combine the liquids correctly at least 50 percent of the time (Binomial coefficients..., 2006). The null hypothesis of the experiment reflects Fishers original hypothesis: The lady cannot tell the difference between milk poured into tea and tea poured into milk. The problem with the experiment is that there can be more than one mull hypothesis and, as significantly, the need to prevent subjects from viewing the cup with the beverage (Preece, 1990). Small samples that are statistically representative of a larger population are viable in experiments because one can extrapolate or project based on such studies to the larger population (Preece, 1990). When testing two populations with small sample sizes, the samples should be as nearly identical as possible if one is concerned with validity and reliability matters and if the lar ...

Tracing the pathway of a cheeseburger through the entire digestive Essay

Tracing the pathway of a cheeseburger through the entire digestive system - Essay Example The term "animal testing" means the procedures done on the bodies of the animals. It is majorly for the purposes of research into pure biology and ailments, evaluating the efficiency of new medicinal yields. Moreover, it is also meant for testing the health of human beings besides assessing the safety of the environment of consumer and industry products. Animal testing began a long time ago. The time dates back to the fourth and third centuries. Early Greek writers documented some of these early animals testing. Aristotle and Erasistratus were probably the first few individuals in the history of animal testing. The first person who dissected mammals like goats and pigs are Galen. He was among the very few physicians who lived in the by the then times of history. However, later on animal testing was introduced in Spain as an experimental method of testing the surgical operations and steps before using them in the doing surgery to us human beings. A surgical doctor, Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), introduced that notion. Later on in 1242, circulation of blood in mammals was provided by a scientist known as Ibn al-Nafis. The year 1996 also marked a very significant year in the history of animal testing. Successfully, the Dolly sheep was born. Dolly was cloned from an adult cell. It was the first in the history of animal testing. Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell besides other individuals at Roslin Institute situated in Scotland, plus a biotechnology company that funded the whole process of cloning dolly. The main reason for cloning dolly was to confirm if the somatic cells would form a whole organism. Currently, animal testing is still in use in the in researchers that targets to get a solution to medical challenges from Alzheimer’s disease. Other challenges include spinal cord malfunctions, multiple sclerosis and many other states where there are no valuable in vitro model

What Is Marriage For Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Is Marriage For - Essay Example Marriage is the changeable conception and it is right to accept the modern changes that are concerning homosexual couples. The Society like the constant variable is trying to refute same-sex marriage, using different prohibitions, but it is impossible to stop the development of the world only refuting the existence of one or other situation. It is obvious that when opponents of gay marriage are defending their point of view, they, after a ritual condemnation of homosexuality and claims that gay marriage somehow inexplicably â€Å"threaten society† and â€Å"undermine marriage†, will certainly end up with unfortunate consequences of same-sex marriage: if we allow gay marriage then people will want to legalize polygamy and marriage with pets. But arguing this position it is possible to say that same-sex marriage never results from polygamy and, in fact, we can say that if same-sex marriage is good because it allows more people to get the benefits and advantages of family life, then polygamy is undesirable because it deprives some people of the benefits and advantages. Let us explain the changing meaning of marriage from 1850-1950. What was marriage for those times? First of all, the marriage was a kind of the contract that helped to share money between families. The engagement feast was the moment that the two families finished negotiations and finally signed, witnessed, and notarized the marriage contract. Those times the marriage was not seeing by the society as a union of the two loving people.... It is obvious that when opponents of gay marriage are defending their point of view, they, after a ritual condemnation of homosexuality and claims that gay marriage somehow inexplicably â€Å"threaten society† and â€Å"undermine marriage†, will certainly end up with unfortunate consequences of same-sex marriage: if we allow gay marriage then people will want to legalize polygamy and marriage with pets. But arguing this position it is possible to say that same-sex marriage never results polygamy and, in fact, we can say that if same-sex marriage is good because it allows more people to get the benefits and advantages of family life, then polygamy is undesirable because it deprives some people of the benefits and advantages. Let us explain the changing meaning of marriage from 1850-1950. What was marriage for those times? First of all, the marriage was a kind of the contract that helped to share money between families. According to Graff, â€Å"the engagement feast was the moment that the two families finished negotiations and finally signed, witnessed, and notarized the marriage contract†. (Graff, 2004). Those times the marriage was not seeing by the society as a union of the two loving people. The marriage for love was the privilege of extremely poor people who had no property and some of them had no even two different cloths. Also people used the marriage as a way to share labor. Giving several examples we can say that a fisher needed a fishwife; a butcher needed a butcher wife and so on. We can see that during the longest period of time marriage was deal. This point of view and this seeing of the concept of the marriage were common for

Food Retailing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Retailing - Research Paper Example Cereal forms an important part of the food industry. Kellogg contains cereal like fiber and whole grain. Cereals are the world’s most important sources of food industry. US is the largest production of cereals, the average production per 1000 metric tons in the US is 334,554 in the year 2001. The output of cereal globally is expected to be 2219 million tons in the year 2009, 2008 experienced a decreased by 3% (UN News, â€Å"UN News Centre†). Agricultural production Food marketing Value added components The value added components of the product Kellogg’s consists of some important cereals which are essential is day to day of life for all age group. Kellogg consists of cereals like whole grains, fiber, minerals and vitamins. Main ingredients and define The main ingredients in Kellogg’s contain fiber, whole grain, vitamins and minerals. Fiber is considered to be healthy for hearts. A diet which is high in fiber ensures all around wellness of the family. Acco rding to the Institute of Medicine, recommendation on fiber is mainly based on age and gender. But it seems like people fall short to achieve the goals as most of the people are losing out the benefits of fiber such as promoting good digestive and keeping the heart healthy. Therefore in order to help the people to overcome such issues, Kellogg have introduced delicious cereals such as All-Bran, Corn pops, Raisin Bran and other such products which aims to provide good and excellent sources of fiber (Kellogg’s, â€Å"Nutrition†). Whole grain has been defined by American Association of Cereal Chemists also known as A.A.C.C., whole grain consists of ground, intact, flaked or cracked whose main components i.e. anatomical components includes the germ, bran and starchy endosperm which are present in the same proportion as in intact caryopsis (Marquart & McIntosh, p.138) . Supply Chain Manufacturing/ processing The Supply chain encompasses all the activities which are associat ed with the transformation and flow of the goods from raw materials to the end users. In the global supply chain management the manufacturing and distribution facilities are scattered all around the world. Figure 1: Supply Chain of Cereals (Source: Radrigue, â€Å"The Geography of Transport Systems†) Storage/ Delivery The above figure explains the supply chain process that takes place in case of cereals. The cereals are processed and manufactured and then they are stored and distributed on to the stores. The cereals are packaged properly with proper label and then they are transported to the retailers. Supply chain of the company Kellogg’s is a well known brand and delivers all the essential requirements for the day to day activities of life through its product. The business primarily focuses on creation of profit but also keeping the environmental and social impact to a high importance. Kellogg’s believes that by acting responsible through supply chain through which the company aims to reduce energy as well as emission in the manufacturing and also distribution and improving the packaging of the product. Kellogg’s supply chain consists of three sectors which are the primary, secondary and the tertiary sector. The process includes a range of agencies which includes the quality, research, sales, purchasing, distribution and transport. As an essential part of the